Gurdaspur district is the northern most district of Punjab. It falls in the Jalandhar division and is sandwiched between river Ravi and Beas. The district lies between north-latitude 310-36' and 320-34' and east longitude 740-56' and 750-24' and shares common boundaries with Kathua district of Jammu &  Kashmir state in the north, Chamba and Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh in the north-east, Hoshiarpur district in the south-east, Kapurthala district in the south, Amritsar district in the south west and Pakistan in the north west.

Gurdaspur was founded by Guriya Ji in the beginning of 17th century. On his name, this city was named as Gurdaspur. It is also established that some people used to live in huts in the old city. Guriya Ji a Sanwal Brahmin of Kaushal Gotra belonged to a village Paniar situated 5 miles north of Gurdaspur. The ancestors of Guriya Ji came from Ayodhaya long time ago and settled in Paniar. Guriya Ji had two sons Sh.Nawal Rai and Sh.Pala Ji. The descendants of Nawal Rai settled in Gurdaspur Nawal Rai’s son Baba Deep Chand was a contemporary of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. It is believed that Guru Gobind Singh Ji gave the title of Ganj Bakhsh (Owner Of Treasure) to Baba Deep Chand.

The total population of Gurdaspur district is and the area is 3562 sq km.

Topography: Gurdaspur district has varied topography comprising the hilly tract, undulating plains, the flood plains of the Ravi and the Beas and the upland plain. The hilly tract covers the north-eastern parts of Pathankot and Dhar tehsils ranging in elevation from about 380 to 930 m. From north to south the tract consists of three small ranges running in north west to south east direction – The Siali Dhar-Dangahri Dhar, the Dhaula Dhar-Nag Dhar and the Rata Dhar. To its south lies an area of undulating plain of about 128 sq km. Its elevation ranges from about 305 to 381 m. The flood plains of the Ravi and the Beas are separated from the up land plain by sharp river cut bluffs. They are low lying, with slightly uneven topography. Sand dominates in the soil structure of the flood plains. The up land plain covers a large part of the district particularly of Dera Baba Nanak, Batala and Gurdaspur tehsils. Its elevation ranges from 305 m in the north-east to 210 m in the south west, with a gentle gradient of 1 m in 1.6 km.

Climate: The summer season falls between the months of April to July and the winter November to March. In summer season the temperature touches 45 C. June is the hottest month and January is the coldest one. Mostly the rain falls in the month of July. Winter rains are experienced during January and February. The dust storm occurs in the month of May and June.

Minerals: The minerals found in the district are building stones, foundry sand, gold calctuff, lime stone, ochre, salt petre fullers-earth etc. The building material like boulders shingle, sand. brick earth etc, usually occur at the same place and are found in the ephmeral streams as well as in the perennial streams and on the hill slopes. Brick-earth is found in plenty through out the district. These are found in the vicinity of the beds of Ravi, Beas and Chakki in the hilly terrains of Dhar block.